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The required information on food labeling regarding allergens must include the sources of major food allergens. This is essential for consumer safety, as it helps individuals who have food allergies to make informed choices about the products they consume. Allergens such as peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, and wheat can cause severe allergic reactions in some people. Therefore, clearly listing these allergens allows those who are sensitive to them to avoid potential health risks.

Including sources of major food allergens on labels is mandated by regulations in many countries, ensuring that consumers have access to critical information that can prevent allergic reactions. Consumers rely on this transparency to manage their dietary restrictions effectively and maintain their health.

The other options do not align with the primary purpose of allergen labeling. While health benefits may be relevant for nutritional labeling, they do not help with allergen identification. Potential side effects are typically associated with medications rather than food products, and while vitamins and minerals are important for nutritional labeling, they don't relate to allergens. Thus, identifying the sources of major food allergens stands as the most pertinent and necessary information on food labels regarding allergens.